What is one consequence of excessive nutrient inflow in aquatic systems?

Excessive nutrient inflow in aquatic systems, often referred to as nutrient pollution, can lead to a process known as eutrophication. This occurs when an overabundance of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, stimulates the rapid growth of algae. While this might initially seem beneficial, the resulting algal blooms can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem.

As the algae die and decompose, this process consumes a significant amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, creating hypoxic or anoxic conditions that are detrimental to many aquatic organisms. Fish and invertebrates may struggle to survive in these low-oxygen environments, leading to decreased aquatic biodiversity. Sensitive species may be particularly affected, as they might not be able to cope with these changes, ultimately resulting in a shift in community composition towards more tolerant species.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect the typical consequences of nutrient overload in aquatic systems. Improved water retention and better water clarity are unlikely outcomes of nutrient inflow, as excessive nutrients typically lead to poorer visibility and can even contribute to sedimentation issues. An increased fish population is also not a direct consequence, as the negative impact on oxygen levels and habitat quality often leads to a decline in fish and other aquatic life. Thus, the decrease in