What process involves adding nutrients to a body of water, increasing the production of plants and algae?

The process described is eutrophication, which refers to the addition of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, to a body of water. This influx of nutrients stimulates the growth of aquatic plants and algae, often leading to a significant increase in their production. As these organisms thrive, they can alter the ecosystem dynamics, potentially resulting in problems such as algal blooms, which can be harmful to aquatic life and water quality.

In managed aquatic environments, understanding eutrophication is critical as it can impact fish habitats, recreational uses, and overall water health. Effective management practices can help control nutrient inputs to prevent undesirable effects associated with excessive nutrient enrichment.